An entry card, also known as an access card, is a small, portable device used to provide access to restricted areas. These cards are commonly used in various settings, such as office buildings, residential complexes, and educational institutions. This guide will delve into the intricacies of entry cards, their types, functions, and the technology behind them.

Types of Entry Cards

Magnetic Stripe Cards

Magnetic stripe cards are one of the oldest types of entry cards. They contain a magnetic stripe on the back, which stores encoded information. When swiped through a card reader, the data is decoded, and access is granted or denied.

**Example:**
  • Data stored: User ID, Access Level, Issue Date
  • Encoding: ISO/IEC 7811 standard

Smart Cards

Smart cards, also known as chip cards or microprocessor cards, are more advanced than magnetic stripe cards. They contain an embedded microprocessor that processes data and performs various functions.

**Example:**
  • Components: Microprocessor, Memory, Battery
  • Functions: Authentication, Transaction processing, Data storage

Proximity Cards

Proximity cards, also known as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) cards, use radio waves to communicate with a reader. These cards do not require physical contact and can be read from a few inches away.

**Example:**
  • Technology: RFID
  • Range: Up to 10 cm
  • Encoding: ISO/IEC 14443 standard

Contactless Smart Cards

Contactless smart cards are similar to proximity cards but contain additional features, such as a microprocessor and memory. They are widely used for transportation and payment systems.

**Example:**
  • Technology: RFID, Contactless IC
  • Applications: Public transportation, Payment systems

Functions of Entry Cards

Entry cards serve several purposes, including:

Access Control

The primary function of an entry card is to control access to restricted areas. When a user presents their card to a reader, the system checks the card’s information and grants or denies access accordingly.

Authentication

Entry cards help authenticate users by verifying their identity. This ensures that only authorized individuals can access sensitive areas.

Tracking

Some entry cards are equipped with tracking features, allowing employers or facility managers to monitor employee movements within a building.

Technology Behind Entry Cards

Magnetic Stripe Technology

Magnetic stripe technology involves encoding data onto a magnetic stripe using a magnetic encoder. The card reader then reads this data using a magnetic head.

**Example:**
  • Encoding: ISO/IEC 7811 standard
  • Components: Magnetic encoder, Magnetic head

Smart Card Technology

Smart card technology involves embedding a microprocessor and memory chip into a plastic card. This allows the card to process data and perform various functions.

**Example:**
  • Components: Microprocessor, Memory chip, Battery
  • Programming: Java Card Platform, C/C++

RFID Technology

RFID technology uses radio waves to communicate between the card and the reader. The card contains an RFID chip that transmits data to the reader when it is within range.

**Example:**
  • Components: RFID chip, Antenna
  • Standards: ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 15693

Conclusion

Entry cards are essential tools for controlling access and ensuring security in various settings. Understanding the different types, functions, and technologies behind entry cards can help you make informed decisions when choosing the right solution for your needs.